As I mentioned before, the Big Island of Hawaii holds a few distinctions. Not only does it have the wettest city in the U.S. (Hilo), it also has the southernmost town in the U.S. (where I’m posting this blog entry: in Naalehu), and the biggest mountain in the world (if you consider the fact that, unlike Mount Everest, it starts on the floor of the ocean).
I spent the past few days camping and hiking on this world’s largest mountain while visiting Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The park is a pretty amazing place with huge extremes in climate, elevation, and environments. The park runs from sea level all the way up to a 13,700-foot peak full of snow. There are about 150 miles worth of hiking trails throughout the park (including to the summit), but it is most famous for it’s very active volcanoes and lava flows.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is the place you hear about lava flows in Hawaii, which crop up on the news every so often because they happen so frequently. The Big Island of Hawaii is the youngest of the Hawaiian Islands and is continuing to grow with lots of volcanic eruptions. There are probably 15 or 20 active volcanic craters in the park, many of which have spewed lava in recent years. Throughout the park there are huge hardened (cooled) lava flows that were making their way down to the sea before the froze into rock. You occasionally come to these clearings of tropical growth along the road where you’ll find nothing but black hardened lava on either side of the road. Signs are posted next to these flows indicating the years the lava was flowing: 1959, 1974, 1982, 1998, 2002, 2003.
You can still see live (hot) lava flows in some parts of the park, which glow bright red at night. In other parts of the park you can hike across craters that were last active in 1959 but continue to smell of sulfur as they steam off the rainwater that falls down into their cracks. They say these craters are much like frozen lakes, except instead of ice you walk on a relatively thin crust of rock. Instead of there being water below, you’re walking over magma — just a few hundred feet down. All of these active craters could wake up and erupt more lava at any time, but they seem to be in a better position to predict eruptions these days by closely monitoring seismic activity in the area.
Throughout the park, there were warnings about frequent earthquakes and fault lines opening up. There were also warnings about tidal waves, saying you should run from the ocean to higher ground if there are any earthquakes. Lava flows, earthquakes, and tidal waves have wiped out entire towns on this island in just the last century.
What an exciting place!
